Search results for "PANCREATIC BETA-CELL"

showing 4 items of 4 documents

Direct Sensing of Nutrients via a LAT1-like Transporter in Drosophila Insulin-Producing Cells

2016

Summary Dietary leucine has been suspected to play an important role in insulin release, a hormone that controls satiety and metabolism. The mechanism by which insulin-producing cells (IPCs) sense leucine and regulate insulin secretion is still poorly understood. In Drosophila, insulin-like peptides (DILP2 and DILP5) are produced by brain IPCs and are released in the hemolymph after leucine ingestion. Using Ca2+-imaging and ex vivo cultured larval brains, we demonstrate that IPCs can directly sense extracellular leucine levels via minidiscs (MND), a leucine transporter. MND knockdown in IPCs abolished leucine-dependent changes, including loss of DILP2 and DILP5 in IPC bodies, consistent wit…

0301 basic medicineAmino Acid Transport Systemsheavy-chainmedicine.medical_treatmentInsulinsamino acid transporter0302 clinical medicinegenetics [Drosophila Proteins]cytology [Drosophila melanogaster]Glutamate DehydrogenaseHemolymphInsulin-Secreting Cellsmetabolism [Drosophila melanogaster]HemolymphDrosophila;Drosophila insulin-like peptides;amino acid transporter;food;glutamate dehydrogenase;glycemia;growth;insulin-producing cells;minidiscs;starvationDrosophila ProteinsProtein Isoformsmetabolism [Calcium]genetics [Insulins]genetics [Amino Acid Transport Systems]lcsh:QH301-705.5minidiscsGene knockdowncytology [Larva]pancreatic beta-cellglutamate dehydrogenaseBrainmetabolism [Hemolymph]secretionDrosophila melanogasterBiochemistryLarvaAlimentation et NutritionDrosophilaLeucineSignal Transductionglucose-transportgenetics [Glutamate Dehydrogenase]genetics [Protein Isoforms]growthamino-acidsmetabolism [Drosophila Proteins][SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular BiologyNutrient sensingmetabolism [Larva]Biologyinsulin-producing cellsArticleGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biologymetabolism [Amino Acid Transport Systems]metabolism [Insulins]03 medical and health sciencesLeucineparasitic diseasesmedicineFood and NutritionAnimalsddc:610cytology [Insulin-Secreting Cells]cardiovascular diseasesAmino acid transporterMnd protein Drosophilaadministration & dosage [Leucine]metabolism [Protein Isoforms]Ilp5 protein Drosophilacytology [Brain]foodGlutamate dehydrogenaseInsulinNeurosciencesstarvationGlucose transportermetabolism [Insulin-Secreting Cells]glutamate-dehydrogenasel-leucineglycemia030104 developmental biologyGene Expression Regulationlcsh:Biology (General)metabolism [Brain]metabolism [Glutamate Dehydrogenase]Neurons and Cognitionmetabolism [Leucine]CalciumDrosophila insulin-like peptidesmetabolismfat-cells030217 neurology & neurosurgeryCell Reports
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Metabolic impact of adult-onset, isolated, growth hormone deficiency (AOiGHD) due to destruction of pituitary somatotropes.

2011

Growth hormone (GH) inhibits fat accumulation and promotes protein accretion, therefore the fall in GH observed with weight gain and normal aging may contribute to metabolic dysfunction. To directly test this hypothesis a novel mouse model of adult onset-isolated GH deficiency (AOiGHD) was generated by cross breeding rat GH promoter-driven Cre recombinase mice (Cre) with inducible diphtheria toxin receptor mice (iDTR) and treating adult Cre(+/-), iDTR(+/-) offspring with DT to selectively destroy the somatotrope population of the anterior pituitary gland, leading to a reduction in circulating GH and IGF-I levels. DT-treated Cre(-/-), iDTR(+/-) mice were used as GH-intact controls. AOiGHD im…

Anatomy and PhysiologyMousemedicine.medical_treatmentgh deficiencyMiceEndocrinology0302 clinical medicinefactor-iInsulinglucoseAge of OnsetInsulin-Like Growth Factor I2. Zero hunger0303 health scienceseducation.field_of_studyMultidisciplinarypancreatic beta-cellQRAnimal ModelsGHreceptor genehypothalamic expressionmedicine.anatomical_structureCarbohydrate MetabolismIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMedicineincreased insulin sensitivityResearch ArticleHeparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factormedicine.medical_specialtymicediet-induced obesityDisfunción metabólicaSomatotropic cellSciencePopulationEndocrine System030209 endocrinology & metabolismBiologyCarbohydrate metabolismGrowth hormone deficiency03 medical and health sciencesModel OrganismsInsulin resistanceAnterior pituitaryreplacement therapyPituitary Gland AnteriorGrowth FactorsInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsObesityeducationBiologyNutrition030304 developmental biologyDiabetic EndocrinologyEndocrine PhysiologyInsulinDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Metabolyc disfunctionmedicine.diseaseHormonesMice Mutant StrainsSomatotrophsProlactinDietRatsDisease Models AnimalEndocrinologyPituitaryGrowth HormoneInsulin ResistanceEnergy IntakeEnergy MetabolismGHDPLoS ONE
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The impact of maternal weight in pregnancy on glucose metabolism in non-diabetic offspring in late adulthood

2019

Aims: We aimed to examine the association between maternal adiposity and glucose metabolism in adult offspring without diabetes, simultaneous taking offspring own adiposity into account. Methods: This longitudinal birth cohort study (Helsinki Birth Cohort Study) included 1,440 non-diabetic subjects examined at a mean age of 62 years. Subjects were divided into quartiles according to maternal body mass index (BMI). The impact of maternal BMI on offspring body composition was also studied. Results: There were no differences in fasting glucose between the groups. In men, maternal BMI was inversely associated with mean 2-hour glucose concentration after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (p <0.…

Blood GlucoseMaleEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismCHILDHOODPhysiologyraskausOverweightCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineEndocrinologyPregnancyMedicineMass indexLongitudinal StudiesMUSCLE MASS030212 general & internal medicineaineenvaihduntaRISK2. Zero hungerGlucose metabolismINSULIN-RESISTANCEylipainoGeneral MedicineInsulin sensitivityäiditGestational Weight Gainmaternal obesityOBESITYAdult ChildrenFemaleHEALTHmedicine.symptomAdultOffspringglucose metabolismOffspring health030209 endocrinology & metabolismBMI03 medical and health sciencesaineenvaihduntahäiriötInsulin resistanceMaternal obesityDiabetes mellitusInternal MedicineHumansinsulin sensitivitylapset (perheenjäsenet)offspring healthPregnancyOVERWEIGHTbusiness.industrynutritional and metabolic diseasesinsuliiniresistenssimedicine.diseaseBODY-MASS INDEXPANCREATIC BETA-CELL3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicineLean body masslihavuusGAINbusinessBody mass indexDiabetes Research and Clinical Practice
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Hidden and self-excited attractors in radiophysical and biophysical models

2017

One of the central tasks of investigation of dynamical systems is the problem of analysis of the steady (limiting) behavior of the system after the completion of transient processes, i.e., the problem of localization and analysis of attractors (bounded sets of states of the system to which the system tends after transient processes from close initial states). Transition of the system with initial conditions from the vicinity of stationary state to an attractor corresponds to the case of a self-excited attractor. However, there exist attractors of another type: hidden attractors are attractors with the basin of attraction which does not have intersection with a small neighborhoods of any equ…

Chua circuitskaaosteoriapancreatic beta-cellvirtapiiritattraktoritradiophysical generatoroskillaattoritbiofysiikkaNonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamicshidden attractorsbifurkaatiosäteilyfysiikkamultistabilityself-excited attractorskatastrofiteoriamatemaattiset mallitdifferentiaaliyhtälöt
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